There is simply no universal yardstick for measuring the success of a marketplace, but here are some basics
Marketplaces these days come in all shapes and sizes. On one hand, there are big players like Uber, which have made huge waves in the scene. On the other, we have newer kids on the block such as Sendhelper.
As these marketplaces can be so different, there is simply no universal yardstick to measure its success.
So how do you know if your marketplace is a yay or nay?
Regardless of the type of marketplace, we found these three key metrics to be extremely helpful in evaluating the success of a marketplace:
1. Overall metrics
Gross Merchandise Value (GMV). GMV refers to the total sales dollar value for goods sold or services purchased through the marketplace over a certain time. In case you are confused, GMV is not the same as revenue. The latter is a percentage of GMV.
GMV = # of Transactions * AOV (Average order value)
It is crucial to track this key performance indicator (KPI) on a regular basis for it is a telling sign of the volume of transactions that is one of the main engine of growth for a marketplace.
Liquidity. What is liquidity? It is the volume of transactions that take place across the platform with a minimum number of producers and consumers hopping onto the marketplace.
Essentially, a high liquidity signals high matching efficiency between the buyers and sellers on your platform. Take Uber for an instance: More liquidity is being generated as the number of passengers and drivers being paired on the marketplace rises.
You can keep track of liquidity by monitoring the conversion rate of listings into transactions within a stipulated period of time. If your marketplace listings are not easily converted into transactions, it will be hard-pressed to see an additional amount of user sign-up or listings contributing to the success of your marketplace. Sooner or later, users would drop your marketplace for others with better listings.
In sum, liquidity is like the momentum that keeps your marketplace going. Once critical mass has been attained, the existing number of sellers (buyers) will attract even more buyers (sellers), further ramping the level of liquidity. This sets off a virtuous cycle of increase in sellers and buyers, making your marketplace easily scalable and of course successful.
Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC). One common reason why many marketplaces flop is the high CAC incurred to acquire new customers. It has to do with the the full cost in acquiring new customers and the number of new customers being acquired in a specific time period.
CAC = Full cost incurred in acquiring new customers (e.g. marketing and advertising) / # of new customers acquired
As CAC decreases, the profit margin improves, for gaining new customers has become more economical. However, CAC alone is unable to give you a balanced view of the effectiveness of your marketplace. You would be better off knowing what LTV (long-term valuation) is all about, where the success of a marketplace is concerned.
You could run a possibility of stifled growth in your marketplace in the event of a low customer LTV in spite of having a low CAC. This bodes ill for your business model as the value being extracted from your customers are not high enough to offset the acquisition cost in the long haul, despite having economies of scale in converting users to new customers.
2. Buyer’s metrics
Growth rate. One KPI that gives you an idea of how well the marketplace facilitates transactions between the sellers and buyers is the growth rate. As the flow of transaction becomes less obstructed and more intuitive to a user’s experience, the higher the likelihood of users turning into customers.
Number of buyers. Similarly, the number of buyers on the platform reveals how well the marketplace is faring in gaining new buyers too. Of course, the more the merrier as higher liquidity undoubtedly elevates the success of your marketplace.
Net Promoter Score. As a signpost for customer satisfaction and reputation of the marketplace, Net Promoter Score (NPS) is an index that ranges from -100 to 100 on the customer’s willingness to promote the marketplace to another individual. The level of trust and safety consumers perceive themselves to have on the platform is positively correlated with NPS too.
Buyer/consumer concentration. In the same category as other profitability KPIs, consumer concentration refers to the fraction of revenue that is being generated from the top 20 per cent of consumers. This is critical in assessing the success of a marketplace because having a highly concentrated consumer base means you run a higher risk of losing market share, especially if the top 20 per cent consumers constitute the majority of your revenue. It is imperative for your marketplace to stay adaptable to any of such changes as it poses a rather large threat to its success.
3. Seller’s metrics
Likewise, the KPIs for buyer’s metrics work in pretty much the same way for sellers too. However, apart from being a profitability KPI, the seller or producer concentration is also a KPI for network effect.
Given that a marketplace relies on the network effect of its buyers and sellers to gain traction, the geographical location and degree of concentration in an area pertaining to the sellers also come into play. It makes a difference if there are many sellers concentrated in an area that has high demand.
The takeaway
This list is not meant to be exhaustive and there are certainly many other indicators, which you could use depending on their suitability for your business model. Nonetheless, these are some of the fundamental metrics that would be useful to look into as your marketplace gets up and running. After all, you are doing yourself a huge favour if you start out with a standardised plan to evaluate the progress of your marketplace. Otherwise, your efforts would be in vain.
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Carrie Er is a Marketing Communications Specialist at Arcadier, a SaaS company that powers next generation marketplace ideas. You can follow Arcadier on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn for the latest insights on the sharing economy.
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